All OrthoInfo articles are written by orthopaedic surgeons who are experts in their field, then peer-reviewed by physician members of the OrthoInfo Editorial Board.

In order to promote transparency and confidence in the educational materials of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), AAOS maintains an up-to-date record of the disclosures of many business relationships of OrthoInfo contributors. AAOS makes this information available to the public to allow people to assess whether the information presented is as unbiased as possible. AAOS does not view the existence of these interests or relationships as decreasing the value of the contribution.

Readers will find contributors and peer reviewers listed at the end of most OrthoInfo articles. Their names will link to their disclosure information. Learn more about the AAOS Orthopaedic Disclosure Policy. 

The full list of contributors below includes OrthoInfo authors, as well as subject-matter experts who have participated in the development of our content over the years.

 

Foot & Ankle

Section Editor
Taylor Beahrs, MD,  MS, FAAOS
Mankato, Minnesota

Zachary V. Braig, MD
Mankato, Minnesota

Catherine K. Irwin, PT, MHS, OCS
Glenview, Illinois

Ryan Thomas Conyer, MD
Mankato, Minnesota

Steven L. Haddad, MD
Glenview, Illinois

Anish Kadakia, MD
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Bradley M. Kruckeberg, MD
Rochester, Minnesota

Matthew Joseph Perri, DNP
Mankato, Minnesota

William Colby Skinner, MD
Memphis, Tennessee

Carson Smith, MD
Memphis, Tennessee

Paul Stoneman, LTC
West Point, New York

Joachim Tenuta, MD
West Point, New York

Brian M. Weatherford, MD, FAAOS
Glenview, Illinois

 

General Orthopaedics

Barbara Jean Campbell, MD
Somerset, Pennsylvania

Johnny Huard, PhD
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Anna Noel Miller, MD,
St. Louis, Missouri

Barry J. Snyder, MD
Levittown, Pennsylvania

Terry Younger, MD
Hoffman Estates, Illinois

 

Hand & Wrist

Section Editor
Tyler S. Pidgeon, MD, FAAOS
Morrisville, North Carolina

Robert B. Blake, MD
Bozeman, Montana

Jacob W. Brubacher, MD
Durham, North Carolina

Carlton M. Clinkscales, MD
Englewood, Colorado

Ralph M. Costanzo, MD
Billings, Montana

Katherine Faust, MD
New Orleans, Louisiana

W. Lea Gorsuch, MD
Great Falls, Montana

Charles D. Jennings, MD
Great Falls, Montana

Bertrand Jones, MD
Kalispell, Montana

Fraser J. Leversedge, MD, FAAOS
Aurora, Colorado

Paul Andrew Puckett, MD
Missoula, Montana

Rachel S. Rohde, MD
Southfield, Michigan

Tamara D. Rozental, MD
Boston, Massachusetts

Curtis R. Settergren, MD
Billings, Montana

Christopher J. Walsh, MD
Fayetteville, Georgia

 

Joint Replacement

Section Editor
Neil P. Sheth, MD, FAAOS
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Michael B. Cross, MD
New York, New York

Jared R. H. Foran, MD, FAAOS
Golden, Colorado

Ronald P. Grelsamer, MD
New York, New York

Ryan Elijah Harold, MD
Glenview, Illinois

Paul A. Manner, MD
Seattle, Washington

Christopher M. Melnic, MD
Chicago, Illinois

Yamini Menon, MD
Cordova, Tennessee

Matthew D. Miller, MD
Los Gatos, California

Charles L. Nelson, MD
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

William J. Peace, MD
Denver, Colorado

Breana Siljander, MD
New York, New York

Preethi Thomas, MD
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Jonathan Tran, MD
Decatur, Texas

Jonathan Vigdorchik, MD
New York, New York

Lawrence Wells, MD
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

 

Pediatric Orthopaedics

Section Editor
Christine A. Ho, MD, FAAOS
Dallas, Texas

Michael C. Albert, MD
Dayton, Ohio

Andrea Bauer, MD
Sacramento, Califormia

Cordelia Wheeler Carter, MD
New Haven, Connecticut

Henry G. Chambers, MD
San Diego, California

Lawson A. B. Copley, MD
Dallas, Texas

Joseph P. Davey, MD
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Matthew Barrett Dobbs, MD
St. Louis, Missouri

Kathryn Doughty, MD
Spokane, Washington

Marybeth Ezaki, MD
Dallas, Texas

Jill C. Flanagan, MD
Atlanta, Georgia

Nicholas D. Fletcher, MD
Atlanta, Georgia

Eric D. Fornari, MD
Bronx, New York

Peter G. Gabos, MD
Wilmington, Delaware

John T. Gaffney, DO
Garden City, New York

James T. Guille, MD
Pottstown, Pennsylvania

David P. Gurd, MD
Cleveland, Ohio

Matthew Halsey, MD
Portland, Oregon

Martin J. Herman, MD
Yardley, Pennsylvania

Scott A. Hoffinger, MD
Moraga, California

Dale E. Jarka, MD
Kansas City, Missouri

Derek Michael Kelly, MD
Memphis, Tennessee

Joel Kolmodin, MD
Cleveland, Ohio

Alex Kuzma, MD
Maywood, Illinois

David E. Lazarus, MD
Atlanta, Georgia

Khristinn Kellie Leitch, MD, MBA, FRCS
London, Ontario, Canada

Randall T. Loder, MD
Carmel, Indiana

John Lubicky, MD
Morgantown, West Virginia

Amy L. McIntosh, MD
Dallas, Texas

Margaret Murphy-Zane, MD
Aurora, Colorado

Natasha O'Malley, FRCS
Rochester, New York

Michael D. Paloski, DO
Charlotte, North Carolina

William A. Phillips, MD
Houston, Texas

Kristan Pierz, MD
Hartford, Connecticut

Marilynn Punaro, MD
Dallas, Texas

John Marvin Purvis, MD
Jackson, Mississippi

Karl E. Rathjen, MD
Dallas, Texas

B. Stephens Richards III, MD, FAAOS
Dallas, Texas

Christen M. Russo, MD
Brooklyn, New York

Paul M. Saluan, MD
Cleveland, Ohio

Susan Scherl, MD
Omaha, Nebraska

Gregory A. Schmale, MD
Seattle, Washington

Matthew R. Schmitz, MD
San Antonio, Texas

Verena M. Schreiber, MD
Evanston, Illinois

Brian A. Shaw, MD
Colorado Springs, Colorado

Timothy J. Skalak, MD
New Orleans, Louisiana

Jochen P. Son-Hing, MD
Cleveland, Ohio

Daniel J. Sucato, MD
Dallas, Texas

Elizabeth A. Szalay, MD
Albuquerque, New Mexico

Jennifer M. Weiss, MD
Los Angeles, California

Klane K. White, MD, MSc
Aurora, Colorado

John J. Williams, MD
Austin, Texas

Jennifer Winell, MD
Princeton, New Jersey

Marcella Woiczik, MD
Salt Lake City, Utah

 

Portuguese

Lucas de Castro Boechat, MD
Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil

Gilberto Francisco Brandão, MD
Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil

Túlio Vinícius de Oliveira Campos, MD
Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil

Davi Coutinho Fonseca Fernandes Gomes, MD
Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil

Rodrigo Vilas Boas Pinto, MD
Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil

 

Shoulder & Elbow

Section Editor
William Aibinder, MD
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Kyle Anderson, MD
Birmingham, Michigan

April D. Armstrong, MD
Camp Hill, Pennsylvania

Kashif Ashfaq, MD
Houston, Texas

George S. Athwal, MD
London, Ontario, Canada

Allen T. Bishop, MD
Rochester, Minnesota

Matthew D. Budge, MD
Madison Heights, Michigan

Thomas J. Christensen, MD
Reno, Nevada

Alan S. Curtis, MD
Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts

Donald P. Endrizzi, MD
Portland, Maine

Meredith Fabing, DO
East Lansing, Michigan

David L. Glaser, MD
Villanova, Pennsylvania

James Hammond, DO
Portsmouth, Virginia

Jay D. Keener, MD
St. Louis, Missouri

W. Benjamin Kibler, MD
Lexington, Kentucky

Jamie L. Lynch, MD
Chicago, Illinois

James E. Moravek Jr, MD
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Elizabeth M. Nolan, MD
Bangor, Maine

Gregory J. Pinkowsky, MD
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Aaron D. Sciascia, MS, ATC, NASM-PES
Richmond, Kentucky

Alexander Y. Shin, MD
Rochester, Minnesota

Robert J. Spinner, MD
Rochester, Minnesota

Stephen C. Weber, MD
Sacramento, California

J. Michael Wiater, MD
Beverly Hills, Michigan

Benjamin Widmer, MD
Murray, Utah

 

Spanish

Section Editor
Alberto Bolanos, MD, FAAOS
San Mateo, California

Guillermo Carrillo Guerrero, MD
Ampliacion Granada, Mexico

Ramon L. Jimenez, MD
Monterey, California

Jose Carrillo Perez, MD

Richard Zapanta, MD
Monterey Park, California

 

Spine

Section Editor
Catherine Olinger, MD
Iowa City, Iowa

Robert J. Banco, MD
Newton Corner, Massachusetts

Rishi Bhatnagar, MD
Washington, D.C.

Ken Bode, MD
San Antonio, Texas

Robert L. Brady, MD
Ridgefield, Connecticut

Matthew W. Hwang, MD
Rowland Heights, California

Brian J. Ipsen, MD
Joplin, Missouri

Louis G. Jenis, MD
Boston, Massachusetts

Joel W. Jenné, MD
San Antonio, Texas

Philipp Leucht, MD
New York, New York

Joseph R. O'Brien, MD, MPH
Washington, D.C.

Daniel K. Park, MD, FAAOS
Bloomfield Hills, Michigan

Nilesh M. Patel, MD
Dearborn, Michigan

Enrique Pena, MD
Boston, Massachusetts

Ian Rodway, MD
Mason, Ohio

Arya Nick Shamie, MD
Santa Monica, California

Andrew K. Simpson, MD
Boston, Massachusetts

Kevin P. Sullivan, MD
Boston, Massachusetts

Scott G. Tromanhauser, MD
Newton, Massachusetts

Peter G. Whang, MD
New Haven, Connecticut

 

Sports Medicine

Section Editor
Michael J. Alaia, MD, FAAOS
New York, New York

Section Editor
Jocelyn Ross Wittstein, MD, FAAOS
Durham, North Carolina

Christina Allen, MD
San Francisco, California

Annunziato Amendola, MD
Iowa City, Iowa

James R. Andrews, MD
Birmingham, Alabama

Evan Henry Argintar, MD
Washington, D.C.

Robert D. Bronstein, MD
Pittsford, New York

Adam Brooks, MD
San Francisco

J.W. Thomas Byrd, MD
Nashville, Tennessee

E. Lyle Cain Jr, MD
Birmingham, Alabama

Marlene DeMaio, MD
Portsmouth, Virginia

Jeffrey R. Dugas, MD
Birmingham, Alabama

Kenneth M. Fine, MD
Rockville, Maryland

Thomas B. Fleeter, MD
Reston, Virginia

Scott Grabill, DO
Portsmouth, Virginia

Carolyn Hettrich, MD, MPH
Iowa City, Iowa

Christopher Ihle, MD
Fremont, Nebraska

Jana B. Johnson, MD
Sioux Falls, South Dakota

Patrick W. Jost, MD
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

David J. Keblish, MD
Annapolis, Maryland

Frank B. Kelly, MD
Macon, Georgia

John J. Klimkiewicz, MD
Oakton, Virginia

Elliott H. Leitman, MD
Wilmington, Deleware

Daniel Liechti, BS
Peoria, Illinois

Mary K. Mulcahey, MD, FAAOS
New Orleans, Louisiana

Robert Nirschl, MD
Arlington, Virginia

Craig J. Randall, MD
Silverdale, Washington

Scott Rodeo, MD
New York, New York

John P. Rodriguez, MD
San Francisco

Wayne Sebastianelli, MD
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Benjamin S. Shaffer, MD
Washington, D.C.

Paul Stoneman, LTC
West Point, New York

Joachim Tenuta, MD
West Point, New York

Edwin M. Tingstad, MD
Pullman, Washington

Andrea Veljkovic, MD, FRCSC
Kentville, Canada

Stephen C. Weber, MD
Sacramento, California

James S. Williams, Jr, MD
Euclid, Ohio

 

Trauma

Section Editor
Mark Gage, MD
Baltimore, Maryland

James F. Barwick, MD
Washington, North Carolina

Molly D. Black, MD
Shawnee, Kansas

Christopher T. Born, MD
Providence, Rhode Island

Lisa K. Cannada, MD
Clayton, Missouri

Joseph R. Cass, MD
Rochester, Minnesota

Brett D. Crist, MD
Columbia, Missouri

Gregory J. Della Rocca, MD
Columbia, Missouri

William DeLong, MD
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

Michael F. Githens, MD, FAAOS
Seattle, Washington

Alan T. Kawaguchi, MD
Stockton, California

Steven Kottmeier, MD
Stony Brook, New York

Jason Lowe, MD,  FAAOS
Phoenix, Arizona

Faisal M. Mirza, MD,
San Andreas, California

Yvonne M. Murtha, MD
Wichita, Kansas

Peter J. Nowotarski, MD
Chattanooga, Tennessee

Jason D. Provus, MD
San Diego, California

Craig S. Roberts, MD
Louisville, Kentucky

Jeffrey M. Smith, MD
San Diego, California

David B. Weiss, MD
Charlotte, Virginia

 

Tumor/Oncology

Section Editor
Alexandra Callan, MD, FAAOS
Dallas, Texas

Zachary Adler, MD
Portland, Oregon

Owen Ala, MD
Albuquerque, New Mexico

Megan E. Anderson, MD
Boston, Massachusetts

Gino Paolo Bella, MD
Catania, Italy

J. Sybil Biermann, MD
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Bryan S. Brockman, BS
San Antonio, Texas

Edward Y. Cheng, MD
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Zachary A. Child, MD
Boston, Massachusetts

Binayak Dhungel, MBBS, MD
Kathmandu, Nepal

Michael Eckhoff, MD
El Paso, Texas

Nicole Farrell, BA
Albuquerque, New Mexico

Tyler R. Freeman, BBA
San Antonio, Texas

Steven Gitelis, MD
Chicago, Illinois

Steven Goldberg, MD

David M. Heath, BS
San Antonio, Texas

Ginger E. Holt, MD
Nashville, Tennessee

Cynthia M. Kelly, MD
Golden, Colorado

Gina Lesko, MD
San Antonio, Texas

Valerae O. Lewis, MD
Houston, Texas

Joel Mayerson, MD
Columbus, Ohio

Brian E. McGrath, MD
Amherst, New York

Nathan Morrell, MD
Albuquerque, New Mexico

Charlotte Orr, MD
Albuquerque, New Mexico

Robert H. Quinn, MD
San Antonio, Texas

Rajiv Rajani, MD, FAAOS
El Paso, Texas

Walter W. Virkus, MD
Chicago, Illinois

Kristy L. Weber, MD
Baltimore, Maryland

Matthew Wells, DO
El Paso, Texas